![]() ![]() ![]() Staghorn calculi refer to branched stones that fill all or part of the renal pelvis and branch into several or all of the calyces. In essence, antibiotics cannot clear the associated infection unless the stone material is completely removed. This stone matrix is believed to protect the bacteria from antibiotics. The infection stones generally grow rapidly and serve as the nidus (or center) for further stone formation. The alkaline urine leads to precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals mixed with varying proportions of carbonate apatite. ![]() Urease hydrolyzes (or splits) urea into ammonium and hydroxyl ions resulting in an increase in ammonium and phosphate concentrations leading to an alkaline urine. These stones are associated with urinary tract infections caused by bacteria that produce urease. Approximately 75% of staghorn calculi are struvite (composed of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate crystals mixed with carbonate-apatite). Staghorn stones are stones that involve the renal pelvis and extend into at least 2 calyces of the kidney. Open surgery for kidney stones is strongly discouraged and reserved for only very rare cases with a very large stone burden or very unusual anatomy. The most effective treatment option is percutaneous nephrolithotomy, where the urologist inserts a scope directly into the kidney via a 1/2 inch tract made in your flank. Staghorn stones are large, branched stones occupying a large volume of the kidneys. Most staghorn stones in Western society are composed of struvite and can cause significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated therefore, large struvite stones must typically be removed. Staghorn calculi represent a less-common nephrolithiasis subgroup so named because the significant stone burden that fills the renal pelvis and calyces forms a shape on radiographs that resembles a deer’s horns. The makeup and the type of stone don't change, only the location changes.Learn all about staghorn calculus definition, symptoms, causes and treatment. Most ureteral stones are kidney stones that have moved out of the kidney into the ureter. The substances that make up the stones vary between types of stones, and can even vary within the same type. Kidney stones are a buildup of substances in the urine. What's the difference between kidney stones and ureteral stones? People with a family history of cystinuria have a greater risk of getting cystine stones. There is a medical condition called cystinuria, which causes too much cystine in the urine. This type of kidney stone is made up of the chemical cystine. Although most stones are more common in men than in women, struvite stones tend to occur more in women who have urinary tract infection. Treatment may include antibiotics and stone removal. These stones require medical treatment because they can cause serious complications. If struvite stones are large, they are also known as staghorn calculi. Struvite stones are sometimes called infection stones because they can occur with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Health conditions like gout and Crohn's diseaseĪ diet high in animal protein, such as meat, eggs and fish There are some factors that can increase risk for this type of kidney stone, including: Some people have a buildup of uric acid, which can lead to uric acid kidney stones. Uric acid is a waste product that is normally passed out of the body in the urine. There are some medical conditions that can lead to high levels of calcium, including hyperparathyroidism. High levels of calcium and oxalate in the body increase the risk of developing calcium stones. They are made of calcium compounds, including calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. calcium, uric acid, struvite and cystine.Ĭalcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |